This was the last Disney animated feature to use hand-painted cels and analog camera and film work. 1,000 different colors were used on 1,100 backgrounds. Over one million drawings were done in total.

The wedding scene at the close of the film marked one of the first use of CAPS (Computer Animation Production System) in a Disney feature. CAPS is a digital ink-and-paint and animation production system that colors the animators' drawings digitally, as opposed to the traditional animation method of tracing ink and paint onto cels. The rest of The Little Mermaid (1989) uses hand-painted cels. All subsequent Disney features have used CAPS instead of ink-and-paint. An earlier scene where Ariel runs down a set of stairs, also uses the CAPS system for its moving background.

This was considered to be the first Disney animated feature using all digital processes but at the time CAPS wasn't ready. Disney's next animated feature The Rescuers Down Under (1990) was going to be the first 100% digitally processed film.

Disney artists had considered an animated film of "The Little Mermaid" in the late 1930s, and illustrator Kay Nielsen prepared a number of striking story sketches in pastels and watercolors. For this film, the artists received inspiration from the Nielsen story sketches that were brought out of the Archives for them to study, and they gave Kay Nielsen a "visual development" credit on the film.

Another first for recent years: Live actors and actresses were filmed for reference material for the animators. Sherri Stoner acted out Ariel's key scenes. Not all of Disney's animators approved the use of live-action reference; Glen Keane, the co-supervising animator of Ariel said in an interview with the Orange County Register that one artist quit the project rather than work with live-action reference.

This film was the most effects-animation heavy Disney animated feature since Fantasia (1940). The two minute storm sequence alone took 10 special effects animators over a year to finish. Effects animation supervisor Mark Dindal estimated that over a million bubbles were drawn for this film, in addition to the use of other processes such as airbrushing, backlighting, superimposition, and some flat-shaded computer animation.

The directors insisted that every one of the millions of bubbles should be hand-drawn, not Xeroxed. The sheer manpower for such an effort required Disney to farm out most of the bubble-drawing to Pacific Rim Productions, a China-based firm with production facilities in Beijing.

The student uprising in Beijing, China, threatened to delay production. Roughly one-third of the finished cel artwork used by the Chinese artists as underlays for drawing the bubbles were in a vault only a few blocks away from the demonstration at Tienanmin Square and the violence that followed.

Ariel's liplines were created with hand-inking.

An attempt to use Disney's famed multi-plane camera for the first time in years for quality "depth" shots failed because the machine, always a monster to use because of its sheer size, was in dilapidated condition. The multi-plane shots were farmed out to another studio.

Some versions of the videotape had the likeness of a penis on the cover. It's the highest tower in the middle of the castle in the background.

Ariel's treasure cave includes the painting "Magdalene With the Smoking Flame" by 17th-century artist Georges de La Tour.

In the opening scene when King Triton arrives at the arena, you can briefly see Mickey Mouse, Goofy, and Donald Duck in the crowd of sea-people as mermen when he passes over them.

The story "The Little Sea-Maid", by Hans Christian Andersen, was slated by Walt Disney to be a "Silly Symphonies" short. However, another Andersen classic, Ugly Duckling (1939), replaced it.

The character of Ursula was based on Divine. Her personality and some of her actions were also largely inspired by a previous Disney villain, Madame Medusa from Disney's The Rescuers (1977).

When Ursula first shows Ariel the contract, it quickly scrolls through the body of the text. This is the actual text shown on the scroll: "I hereby grant unto Ursula, the witch of the sea... , one voice, in exchange for byon once high, Dinu

gihn thon Mueo serr on Puur-qurr I rehd moisn petn r m uenre urpti m srerp monk guaki ,Ch rich noy ri imm ro mund for all eternity. signed," All other instances clearly say: "I hereby grand unto Ursula, the witch of the sea... , one voice, for all eternity. signed,".

There was a widespread rumor in the early to mid-'90s that the priest in the wedding scene has an erection. He doesn't (in fact the shot is of the priest's knee moving underneath his tunic) but this didn't deter enraged moralists from strenuous protest (even to the extent of filing at least one lawsuit against Disney). In the 2006 Platinum Edition DVD release, the scene has been altered so that the priest is standing on a small platform box and his knee is no longer visible through his robes.

Sebastian the Crab's full name is Horatio Thelonius Ignatius Crustatious Sebastian.

When Ben Wright got the part of Grimsby, Prince Eric's butler, the current Disney folks had no idea that he had been the voice of Roger in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). He had to tell them.

Ariel's sisters names are Aquatta, Andrina, Arista, Adella, Alana and Attina.

In Greek mythology, the God of the Sea is Poseidon. Triton, however, is one of his sons.

The last Disney film using the xerography process, invented by Ub Iwerks, which had been used since One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).

This was the first Disney film to receive an Academy Award since Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971), though other films had been nominated.

The name of the human woman that Ursula transforms herself into is Vanessa.

A few of the backgrounds used during the "Kiss the Girl" scene are taken from The Rescuers (1977).

There are several shots of Ariel, forlornly sitting on a rock, in a pose reminiscent of the "Little Mermaid" statue that sits in Copenhagen harbor.

Originally, Sebastian was to have an English accent. It was lyricist/producer Howard Ashman who suggested he be Jamaican. This opened the door to calypso style numbers like "Under the Sea", which won the Academy Award.

Songwriting team Alan Menken and Howard Ashman were brought to the attention of Disney Animation Chair Jeffrey Katzenberg by longtime colleague (and future Dreamworks co-founder) David Geffen, who was producing the team's off-Broadway musical "Little Shop of Horrors".

CASTLE THUNDER: Heard a few times during the storm that wrecks Eric's ship in the beginning. It's also briefly heard for a second during the middle of the second storm when Ursula becomes gigantic and powerful, and is the last Disney movie to use the sound.

When Scuttle is providing "vocal romantic stimulation" to Eric and Ariel while they are rowing in the lagoon, he is actually squawking his own version of Tchaikovsky's "Romeo and Juliet".

'Jodi Benson (I)' sang 'Part of Your World' in the dark to get that 'under the sea' feeling.

Ariel was quite deliberately made a redhead in order to distinguish her from Daryl Hannah's character in Splash.

"Part of Your World" was nearly cut; Jeffery Katzenberg felt that it was "boring", as well as being too far over the heads of the children for whom it was intended. At a test screening children were restless during the song which did not have finished animation - in particular one child that sat in front of Jeffery Katzenberg and spilled his popcorn and was more interested in picking it up than watching the sequence.

Deleted scenes: An extended "Fathoms Below" sequence in which it is revealed that Ursula is Triton's sister; alternate version of "Poor Unfortunate Souls" explaining why Ursula was banished by Triton; a scene just before the concert in which Sebastian finds out Ariel is missing; extended scene of Sebastian lost in Eric's castle; Sebastian giving additional advice to Ariel at bedtime; and the fight with Ursula to the ending with no dialog.

HIDDEN MICKEY: in the scroll that Ursula gets Ariel to sign. It is in the middle of the words when it pans over the scroll from top to bottom.

A scene was cut that explained Ursula is Ariel's Aunt.

The shot of Ariel reaching out through the skylight of her grotto was the last shot to be completed. It took four tries to get the optical effects just right.

Before recording "Poor Unfortunate Souls", Pat Carroll asked Howard Ashman to sing the song one more time to get it right. He obliged, and as he sang he added little spoken ad-libs that Carroll then incorporated into her performance. These included Ursula saying "Pathetic" at the mer couple she conjures up as an example, and the line "Life's full of tough choices, innit?"

At the beginning of "Kiss the Girl," the reeds blowing in the wind are taken from The Old Mill (1937).

The animators created the character of Ursula with the intention of having Bea Arthur provide the voice. By the time Arthur was approached, she was already well into the sitcom "The Golden Girls" and declined the Disney offer.

The idea to give Ursula a pair of sneaky, identical pets as henchmen was inspired by Madame Medusa's two alligators (also identical and with similar personality traits), Brutus and Nero from Disney's The Rescuers (1977).

Schedueling conflicts with Star Trek: The Next Generation forced Patrick Stewart to turn down the role of King Triton.

Carlotta, Eric's maid at the castle who bathes Ariel and serves dinner is wearing the same outfit from Cinderella (1950), except for the scarf on her head.

Jennifer Saunders auditioned for the role of Ursula but was turned down. Somehow in 2002, Steven Spielberg got hold of it and after hearing it insisted to the three directors of Shrek 2 that she be cast as the scheming Fairy Godmother.

When Eric is waiting for Ariel to arrive one of the portraits is that of Princess Aurora and Prince Phillip from Sleeping Beauty (1959).

During Eric's alleged wedding to Vanessa, the King and Grand Duke from Cinderella (1950) both make appearances.

When Ariel is singing "Part of our World," there is a bust of Abraham Lincoln.

Ben Wright's final film.

Hidden Mickey: In the scene where the animals are trying to break up the wedding, right as the seals are jumping onto the deck of the boat from the ocean, there is a woman with black hair in a red gown with her back to the camera. She shape of her hair clearly outlines a Mickey head until she turns sideways.

Movie was adapted as a Broadway musical in 2007.

While writing "Part of Your World", Alan Menken and Howard Ashman discovered that the song shared contextual and rhythmic similarities between "Somewhere That's Green"; a song from their earlier musical, Little Shop of Horrors (1986). Hence, leading the duo to humorously nickname "Part of Your World" as "Somewhere That's Dry".

Continuity

Just before Grim uncovers Eric's statue, the shirt of a sailor behind him changes color. (This was corrected in the 2-Disc Platinum Edition DVD version.)

While in the castle of Prince Eric, Ariel lies down on a bed for the first time. Cut to Sebastian talking. Cut back to Ariel asleep on top of the covers. Next, Sebastian jumps on the bed, and Ariel is shown asleep under the covers.

After Sebastian discovers Ariel's treasure cove and gets tangled up in her assorted findings, he gets a thimble stuck on his feet. The thimble subsequently disappears and reappears between shots.

When Ursula is on the boat right before her wedding to Eric she steps on the makeup table while she talks to herself in the mirror. In doing so she cracks a round crystal ball with her foot. But in the previous scene there was no such ball on the table.

When King Triton discovers Ariel's treasure cove, he destroys the statue of Eric. While it is breaking apart, a close up of the face shows cracks crawling across the entire face. However, later, when Flotsam and Jetsam are in the cove, they flick the face - now completely intact - to Ariel.

In the lunch scene with Ariel, Eric, and Grimsby, Sebastian crawls from Grim's plate to Ariel's, and the table is clean. At the end of the scene, little white footprints appear.

After Ariel and flounder escape from the shark, Ariel has a bag over her shoulder but when Ursula is watching from her cave the bag is gone.

When Sebastian is trying to escape from Louis the chef, he runs under a shelf of glassware, pots, and bowls. When we see Louis running towards the shelf, he is holding a butcher knife in his right hand. Then when we his reflection in one of the bowls in front of him, the butcher knife is reflected in the wrong hand (his left hand).

Just before Grim uncovers Eric's statue, one of the sailors behind of him has a striped shirt, but when Grim walks by him, it flashes to solid blue.

When Ariel is singing "Part of Your World", she is laying on the sand and when she gets up her hair parts on the right side of her head. Then all of a sudden it is parted on the left side.

The trim on Ariel's wedding dress goes from green to pink, then back to green and stays that color for the rest of the scene. (This was corrected in the 2-Disc DVD version.)

When Ariel first enters her grotto she closes the door behind her, but when she swims out the door is already open.

When Ariel is eating with Grim and Eric, her fork changes back and forth from three prongs to four prongs.

When Max (Prince Eric's dog) see's Ariel for the first time, by the ship, he lick's her right cheek, but when Max is called away Ariel dreamily feels her left cheek.

When Sebastian looks through a pair of glasses, his right claw disappears for an instant.

When Ursula is talking to Ariel for the first time, she sits down at her mirror to apply some makeup - when she looks at Ariel, she has on lipstick, but in the next shot, she has none and is applying it from a clam.

When Ariel's voice is freed from the conch shell and floats over to her, she is barefoot. In the next full shot of her, she is wearing shoes.

When Ariel escapes through the porthole she does not have a bag on her shoulder. In the next shot she does.

When Ariel drops the bag to save Flounder from the shark, we do not see the bag until she picks it up off the floor.

When Ariel sees a fork in a sunken ship for the first time, the fork has four tines. When Ariel takes it, it has only three.

During the song "Under the sea" a flower in Ariel's hair disappears (after the yellow fish whirl around her) and reappears later.

When Ariel sits down at the table and takes a fork, her nails are covered with pink varnish. Later no varnish is seen.

In the very beginning when king Triton comes to the hall for the celebration the chandelier is already lit but he lights it again.

When the crown falls off Trion's head it has eight prongs instead of usual five.

When Grimsby is talking to Eric at the dining table about taking Ariel out for a day on the town, there are plates in front of all of them. But when Carlotta brings the food they have no plates in front of them.

During the boat scene for the "Kiss the Girl" number, Eric can be seen using oars to row the boat. After he tries to guess Ariel's name, the oars disappear for the rest of the song.

The eels Flotsam and Jetsam each have one yellow eye; one has it on the right side, the other on the left. When they are talking to Ariel and the camera cuts to the close-up of them saying "Together forever," the eyes have switched places.

When Eric is telling Grim that he wants to marry Vanessa, her hair is brown. When Vanessa is singing in her room and steps on the dresser her hair turns black. Then at the wedding it is brown again.

In the Kiss the Girl scene, when it shows Ariel and Eric's reflections in the water, Ariel's hair is in up in a ponytail, but when it shows her in the boat, it is half up with a bow.

When Eric is waiting for Ariel to arrive at dinner, he doesn't cast a shadow.

While Ariel is singing "Part of your world" on the rock, the sea is rough and choppy. But when you cut to the shot from behind the sea is perfectly calm.

During the dressing room scene with Ariel and her sisters, the sea flower she picks for her father does not appear until just after she looks at herself in the mirror.

When Triton remarks that the only problem that remains is how much he will miss Ariel, Sebastian looks up at him surprised. However, when he points his trident to Ariel to trade her fins for legs, Sebastian has disappeared. When Ariel sees she has been given legs and smiles broadly to her father, he is back.

When Eric and Ariel are reunited and she got her voice back on the ship, they are about to kiss but the sundown turns her into a mermaid again before they do. Ursula crawls towards them, catches Ariel, says "So long, lover boy" and jumps into the water. When they are seen in the next shot Ariel's blue dress is suddenly gone.



Factual errors

At the end of the movie a rainbow is shown with the correct colors but with their order inverted.

When Sebastian first goes to Ariel's cave, he smacks into an hourglass made of wood and glass, which despite having no cracks in it, is resting on the ocean floor.



Revealing mistakes

During a carriage ride, Ariel makes the carriage jump a small ravine. When it hits the other side, it stops briefly, and then begins to move. As it does, the wheels do not move at all, but remain motionless.

When you see Ariel's sisters waving good-bye at the end, the sister in the upper right hand corner doesn't move at all.



Audio/visual unsynchronized

As Ariel and Eric swim toward each other right before the enormous Ursula rises above the sea they exchange dialogue

"Eric, you've got to get away from here,"

"No, I won't leave you,"

but their lips never move.

During the fireworks scene, the fireworks originate from the boat, but moments later, the boat has moved on but the fireworks are still erupting from the space where the boat had been.

When the Chef goes to poke Sebastian with the two-prong fork, the prongs trap Sebastian in between them and stick into the table. The holes that were supposed to be made by the fork were already there.



Miscellaneous

When Prince Eric and Max the dog are first seen, the ship's balustrade that Max's paws are resting on is clearly visible through his paws.

When Ariel and Flounder first talk to Scuttle, the pink shoulder bag disappears and reappears between shots.



Plot holes

The statue is too big to fit in the hole to Ariel's cavern, but it somehow makes it in.